Python Classes and Objects Explained for Beginners (OOP Basics)

Python Classes and Objects Explained for Beginners

Introduction

In the previous post, we learned about Python Virtual Environments. Now we will start learning one of the most important concepts in programming: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).

Object-Oriented Programming helps organize code using real-world concepts like objects and classes.

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What is a Class?

A class is like a blueprint or template used to create objects.

For example:

• Class → Car
• Objects → BMW, Tesla, Audi

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What is an Object?

An object is an instance of a class.

When we create something using a class, it becomes an object.

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Creating a Class in Python

class Student:
    name = "Ayush"
    course = "Python"

Here, Student is a class.

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Creating an Object

class Student:
    name = "Ayush"
    course = "Python"

s1 = Student()

print(s1.name)
print(s1.course)

Here, s1 is an object of the Student class.

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Using __init__ Method (Constructor)

The __init__() method is used to initialize object properties.

class Student:

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

s1 = Student("Ayush", 22)

print(s1.name)
print(s1.age)

The __init__ method runs automatically when an object is created.

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Adding Methods to a Class

class Student:

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def greet(self):
        print("Hello", self.name)

s1 = Student("Ayush")
s1.greet()

Methods are functions that belong to a class.

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Why Use Classes?

• Organizes large programs
• Reusability of code
• Used in real-world software development
• Makes programs easier to manage

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What You Learned in This Post

• What is a class
• What is an object
• Creating classes in Python
• Creating objects
• Using the __init__ method
• Adding methods to classes

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What’s Next?

Now that you understand classes and objects, the next step is learning about constructors in detail.

Next Post: Python Constructors (__init__) Explained

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👋 About the Author

Ayush Gupta
MSc AI/ML Student | Machine Learning & Python Enthusiast

📧 Email: aygupta9898@gmail.com